What do fleas cause in the house? - briefly
Flea infestations produce itchy bites on humans and pets, causing skin irritation and possible allergic reactions. They can also transmit diseases such as tapeworms and plague, compromising household health.
What do fleas cause in the house? - in detail
Fleas are hematophagous insects that thrive in indoor environments where they find hosts and suitable microclimates. Their presence in a residence leads to a series of direct and indirect consequences.
Human occupants may experience:
- Bites that produce localized erythema and pruritus.
- Allergic reactions ranging from mild dermatitis to severe hypersensitivity.
- Potential transmission of bacterial agents such as Bartonella henselae and Yersinia pestis, though transmission rates remain low.
Companion animals suffer from:
- Persistent scratching and skin inflammation.
- Anemia in severe infestations, especially in puppies or kittens.
- Vector-borne diseases including tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum) and bacterial infections.
Structural and environmental impacts include:
- Accumulation of flea feces (digested blood) in carpets, bedding, and upholstery, creating a staining and odor problem.
- Egg and larval development in organic debris, leading to rapid population growth if untreated.
- Possible migration of fleas to adjacent units through ventilation shafts or shared flooring, expanding the infestation beyond the original dwelling.
Control measures focus on integrated pest management:
- Regular vacuuming of floors, furniture, and pet bedding to remove eggs and larvae.
- Washing linens and pet accessories in hot water (≥ 60 °C) to kill all life stages.
- Application of insect growth regulators (IGRs) and adulticides approved for indoor use, following label directions.
- Treatment of pets with veterinary‑recommended ectoparasitic products to eliminate the primary host reservoir.
- Monitoring with flea traps or sticky cards to assess infestation levels and verify treatment efficacy.
Implementing these steps promptly reduces health risks, preserves indoor hygiene, and prevents long‑term establishment of flea populations in the household.