What do bedbugs do to a person? - briefly
Bedbugs feed on human blood, producing itchy, red welts that can provoke allergic reactions. In severe infestations, the bites may disrupt sleep and cause anxiety or stress.
What do bedbugs do to a person? - in detail
Bedbugs feed by piercing the skin with a pair of elongated mouthparts and injecting saliva that contains anticoagulants and anesthetic agents. The bite itself is usually painless at the moment of feeding, but the saliva triggers a localized immune response that becomes apparent within hours.
Typical physical manifestations include:
- Red, raised welts that may be clustered in a line or a zig‑zag pattern;
- Intense itching that can lead to scratching and excoriation;
- Swelling that varies from mild to pronounced, depending on individual sensitivity;
- Secondary bacterial infection if the skin is broken and contaminated.
Reactions differ among individuals. Some experience only minor irritation, while others develop pronounced hypersensitivity, resulting in larger lesions, hives, or even systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, and malaise. In rare cases, an allergic response can progress to anaphylaxis, requiring immediate medical attention.
Repeated exposure can produce a sensitization effect, where subsequent bites elicit stronger inflammatory responses. Persistent itching may cause sleep disruption, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. Psychological distress may manifest as stress, embarrassment, or phobic avoidance of sleeping environments.
Long‑term dermatological consequences are uncommon but may include:
- Chronic hyperpigmentation at bite sites;
- Persistent eczema‑like dermatitis from ongoing irritation;
- Scarring from severe scratching or infected lesions.
Management focuses on symptom relief and prevention. Antihistamines or topical corticosteroids reduce itching and inflammation. Antibiotics are prescribed only for confirmed secondary infections. Removing the insects and their habitats—through thorough cleaning, vacuuming, laundering, and, when necessary, professional extermination—eliminates the source of bites and prevents further health effects.