What can occur in a cat after a tick bite? - briefly
A tick attachment may introduce bacterial pathogens (e.g., Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma) that cause fever, lethargy, anemia, or joint pain, and it can also provoke local inflammation or an allergic reaction at the bite site. Immediate removal and veterinary evaluation are essential to prevent complications.
What can occur in a cat after a tick bite? - in detail
A tick attachment can introduce a range of pathologies in felines. Immediate local reactions include erythema, swelling, and a palpable nodule at the bite site. These signs often appear within hours to a few days and may progress to ulceration if the tick remains attached.
Systemic effects stem from pathogens transmitted during feeding. The most common agents are:
- Bartonella henselae – may cause fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy.
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum – produces fever, anorexia, and joint pain.
- Ehrlichia spp. – leads to weight loss, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
- Rickettsia rickettsii – can result in high fever, skin rash, and multi‑organ dysfunction.
- Babesia spp. – may cause hemolytic anemia, icterus, and splenomegaly.
Neurological complications are rare but documented; they include facial nerve paresis and ataxia, often linked to tick‑borne encephalitis viruses.
Allergic responses to tick saliva can trigger hypersensitivity, manifesting as intense pruritus, hives, or anaphylaxis in extreme cases.
Secondary infections arise when the bite wound is contaminated, leading to bacterial cellulitis or abscess formation. Common culprits are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.
Long‑term sequelae may involve chronic immune‑mediated diseases, such as hemolytic anemia or immune‑complex glomerulonephritis, especially after repeated exposures.
Prompt removal of the tick, followed by veterinary evaluation, is essential. Diagnostic work‑up typically includes complete blood count, serum chemistry, and PCR or serology for tick‑borne pathogens. Treatment protocols often combine doxycycline for bacterial agents, supportive care for anemia, and anti‑inflammatory medication for local inflammation.
Regular tick prevention, environmental control, and routine health checks reduce the likelihood of these complications.