What can bedbugs not tolerate? - briefly
Bed bugs cannot survive prolonged exposure to temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) or below 0 °C (32 °F). They also die when subjected to strong desiccants, such as silica‑based powders, or to high‑intensity heat treatments that remove moisture from their bodies.
What can bedbugs not tolerate? - in detail
Bedbugs are extremely sensitive to environmental extremes and chemical agents that disrupt their physiological processes.
Temperature extremes are lethal. Sustained exposure to temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) for 30 minutes or more destroys all life stages. Conversely, prolonged exposure to temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) for several hours also results in mortality, though eggs are more resistant and may require longer chilling periods.
Desiccation is another critical vulnerability. These insects lose water rapidly when humidity drops below 30 % relative humidity, especially in heated indoor environments. Without a source of blood, dehydration can kill an adult within a few days.
Chemical irritants and insecticides are highly effective when applied correctly. Organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and desiccant powders (silica gel, diatomaceous earth) interfere with nerve function or damage the exoskeleton, leading to rapid death. Bedbugs also cannot tolerate certain essential oils (e.g., tea tree, lavender) at concentrations that exceed their sensory threshold.
Physical disturbances disrupt feeding and reproduction. Constant vibration or mechanical agitation—such as that produced by ultrasonic devices or frequent movement of infested furniture—prevents stable attachment to hosts, reducing blood intake and impairing egg laying.
Light exposure is detrimental. Bedbugs are nocturnal and avoid illuminated areas; continuous bright light interferes with their navigation and reduces activity, although it does not kill them directly.
In summary, the species cannot survive sustained high or low temperatures, low humidity, properly applied insecticidal compounds, prolonged mechanical disturbance, and persistent bright illumination. Each factor exploits a specific physiological weakness, making them effective components of an integrated control strategy.