What can be used to remove lice from a child? - briefly
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing permethrin or pyrethrin, applied according to the label directions, effectively eradicate head lice. Manual removal with a fine‑toothed comb after treatment eliminates residual nits.
What can be used to remove lice from a child? - in detail
Effective removal of head‑lice infestations in children requires a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental measures.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are the most commonly recommended topical agents. Apply the product to dry hair, cover with a fine‑toothed comb for the prescribed time, then rinse thoroughly. Repeat the treatment after seven to ten days to eliminate newly hatched nymphs.
Prescription‑strength options include 0.5 % malathion lotion and 0.25 % ivermectin lotion. These formulations are reserved for resistant cases or when standard products are unsuitable.
Physical removal methods complement chemical treatments. A metal or plastic nit comb, used on wet, conditioned hair, can extract live lice and viable eggs. The procedure should be performed every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
Alternative non‑chemical approaches involve suffocation techniques. Applying a thick, petroleum‑based ointment (e.g., petroleum jelly) to the scalp and covering the head with a plastic cap for 8–12 hours can impede breathing of the parasites. This method requires careful washing afterward to avoid skin irritation.
Environmental control minimizes reinfestation. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove any detached lice or eggs.
Summary of recommended steps:
- Apply a 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin shampoo, follow label instructions, repeat after 7–10 days.
- Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet hair every 2–3 days for two weeks.
- Consider 0.5 % malathion or 0.25 % ivermectin for resistant infestations.
- Employ petroleum‑jelly suffocation technique if chemical use is contraindicated.
- Launder or seal all personal items; vacuum environments thoroughly.
Adhering to this protocol maximizes eradication success and reduces the likelihood of recurrence.