What can be used for lice? - briefly
Effective treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % shampoo, dimethicone lotion, and prescription options like malathion or ivermectin. Mechanical removal with a fine‑toothed comb after applying a suitable conditioner also eliminates nits.
What can be used for lice? - in detail
Effective options for eliminating head‑lice infestations fall into three categories: chemical agents, physical methods, and natural alternatives.
Chemical agents remain the most reliable first‑line treatment. Over‑the‑counter products contain either permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide; both act on the nervous system of the parasite, causing paralysis and death. Prescription‑strength preparations, such as malathion (0.5 %) or spinosad (0.9 %), are reserved for resistant cases. Application instructions require thorough saturation of the hair, a minimum contact time of 10 minutes, and a repeat dose after 7–10 days to eradicate newly hatched nymphs.
Physical methods rely on removal rather than toxicity. Fine‑tooth nit combs, typically with 0.2‑mm spacing, can extract live insects and eggs when used on wet, conditioned hair. Repeated combing sessions at 2‑day intervals for a week are necessary to catch all hatchlings. Heat‑based devices—steam wands or specialized lice‑removal brushes—raise scalp temperature to 50 °C for a few seconds, destroying both adults and ova without chemicals.
Natural alternatives include substances with documented pediculicidal activity. Dimethicone, a silicone‑based oil, coats the exoskeleton, suffocating the parasite; concentrations of 4–10 % are applied for 10 minutes before rinsing. Tea‑tree oil (5 % solution) and neem oil (2 % solution) exhibit insecticidal properties, though efficacy varies and repeat treatments are required. Essential‑oil blends should be combined with a carrier to avoid scalp irritation.
Adjunctive measures reduce reinfestation risk. Wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items in water ≥ 60 °C or seal them in airtight bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove detached lice. Avoid sharing combs, hats, or headphones.
In summary, a comprehensive approach combines an appropriate pediculicide (or a proven silicone oil), meticulous mechanical removal, and strict hygiene protocols to achieve complete eradication and prevent recurrence.