What are the symptoms of ear mites and how are they treated? - briefly
Ear mites produce intense itching, dark brown wax‑like debris, inflammation, and frequent head shaking or ear scratching. Treatment involves thorough ear cleaning with a veterinary‑approved solution followed by application of a prescribed acaricide, administered as topical drops or oral medication.
What are the symptoms of ear mites and how are they treated? - in detail
Ear mite infestation, caused primarily by the parasite Otodectes cynotis, presents with several observable signs. The most common indication is intense itching of the ear canal, which leads to frequent head shaking and pawing at the ears. A dark, crumbly discharge—often described as “coffee‑ground” in appearance—accumulates in the outer ear and may emit a strong odor. The skin lining the ear becomes inflamed, reddened, and may develop small lesions or crusts. In severe cases, secondary bacterial or fungal infections appear, causing swelling, pain, and possible hearing loss.
Treatment proceeds in three stages:
- Immediate parasite eradication: Topical acaricidal agents such as selamectin, moxidectin, or milbemycin oxime are applied directly to the ear canal according to the product’s dosage schedule. Isoxazolines administered orally (e.g., afoxolaner, fluralaner) provide systemic control and prevent reinfestation.
- Cleaning and decontamination: The ear is gently flushed with a veterinarian‑approved cleanser to remove debris and excess wax. Repeated cleaning over several days eliminates residual mites and reduces irritation.
- Management of secondary infections: Antibacterial or antifungal ear drops are prescribed based on culture results. Anti‑inflammatory medications, either topical or systemic, alleviate swelling and discomfort.
Environmental control is essential. Bedding, toys, and grooming tools should be washed in hot water or replaced. Regular prophylactic doses of the chosen acaricide maintain protection, especially in multi‑animal households where transmission is common.
Monitoring after therapy includes weekly ear examinations for residual discharge or itching. If symptoms persist beyond the recommended treatment period, a veterinarian should reassess the regimen, considering possible drug resistance or concurrent ear disease.