What are the symptoms of a subcutaneous tick in a dog and how to treat it? - briefly
A subcutaneous tick often produces a firm, tender swelling or a movable lump under the skin, accompanied by fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, or a small puncture wound. Veterinary removal with fine‑pointed forceps or a tick extractor, followed by appropriate antibiotics or anti‑inflammatory drugs if infection develops, resolves the condition.
What are the symptoms of a subcutaneous tick in a dog and how to treat it? - in detail
Subcutaneous ticks embed beneath the skin, often escaping visual detection. Early signs include localized swelling that feels firm or rubbery, sometimes with a small puncture scar. The area may be warm and tender to pressure. Dogs can exhibit intermittent itching, especially when the tick shifts or releases saliva. Systemic manifestations appear as lethargy, loss of appetite, and mild fever. In some cases, anemia develops due to blood loss, evident by pale mucous membranes. Tick‑borne pathogens may cause additional symptoms such as joint swelling, lameness, or neurological signs like tremors and disorientation.
Recognition steps
- Palpate any unusual lumps, especially on the head, neck, and limbs.
- Observe for subtle changes in behavior: reduced activity, scratching, or reluctance to eat.
- Conduct a physical exam for signs of anemia (pale gums) or fever (elevated rectal temperature).
- Perform a complete blood count and serologic tests if infection is suspected.
Therapeutic approach
- Extraction – Use a fine‑pointed forceps or a tick‑removal tool to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible. Apply steady, gentle traction to avoid breaking the mouthparts. If the tick is deeply embedded, a small incision under sterile conditions may be required; close the wound with sutures and apply an antiseptic.
- Antibiotic coverage – Administer doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO BID for 14 days) to prevent or treat bacterial agents such as Rickettsia spp. Adjust based on culture results.
- Anti‑inflammatory medication – Provide NSAIDs (e.g., carprofen 4 mg/kg PO SID) to reduce swelling and discomfort, monitoring for gastrointestinal side effects.
- Supportive care – Offer iron‑rich diet or supplements if anemia is present; maintain hydration with oral fluids or subcutaneous fluids if needed.
- Follow‑up – Re‑examine the site after 7–10 days to ensure complete healing and absence of residual tick parts. Repeat blood work to confirm resolution of infection.
Prompt identification and removal, combined with targeted antimicrobial therapy, minimize tissue damage and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Regular tick prevention measures—monthly topical or oral acaricides—remain essential to avoid recurrence.