What are the mites called in dogs? - briefly
The primary mites affecting dogs are sarcoptic mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) and demodex mites (Demodex canis). These parasites cause scabies and demodicosis, respectively.
What are the mites called in dogs? - in detail
Mites that infest dogs belong to several distinct species, each with a specific name and clinical profile. The primary culprits are:
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Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis – the agent of sarcoptic mange. It burrows within the epidermis, causing intense pruritus, papules, and crusted lesions, especially on the elbows, abdomen, and ears. Transmission occurs through direct contact or contaminated environments. The life cycle lasts 10–14 days, with eggs laid in superficial tunnels.
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Demodex canis – responsible for demodectic mange. This mite resides in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, rarely producing overt itching. Overgrowth appears as alopecia, erythema, and pustules, frequently on the face, forelimbs, and trunk. Reproduction is internal; eggs hatch within the follicle, and the cycle spans approximately three weeks.
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Otodectes cynotis – the ear mite. It inhabits the external ear canal, feeding on earwax and skin debris. Clinical signs include dark brown discharge, head shaking, and secondary bacterial or fungal otitis. The mite’s life cycle is about three weeks, with eggs deposited on the ear canal surface.
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Cheyletiella spp. – known as “walking dandruff.” These surface-dwelling mites produce a fine, white scaling that can be seen moving on the skin. Affected areas often include the dorsal coat and hindquarters. The life cycle is roughly three weeks, and infestations may spread to humans, causing transient pruritic papules.
Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of skin scrapings for Sarcoptes and Demodex, otoscopic evaluation for Otodectes, and adhesive tape or brushings for Cheyletiella. Treatment protocols differ by species:
- Sarcoptic mange – topical acaricides (e.g., selamectin, moxidectin) or oral ivermectin, administered for a minimum of two weeks after the last mite is detected.
- Demodectic mange – systemic macrocyclic lactones (milbemycin oxime, afoxolaner) combined with hygiene measures; severe cases may require adjunctive antibiotics for secondary infections.
- Ear mites – topical ear solutions containing pyrethrins or ivermectin; thorough cleaning of the canal precedes medication.
- Cheyletiella – weekly bathing with acaricidal shampoos, followed by environmental decontamination; oral ivermectin may be employed for persistent infestations.
Prevention includes regular ectoparasite control products, routine skin examinations, and maintaining clean living conditions to reduce environmental reservoirs.