What are lice covered with? - briefly
Lice are encased in a hard, translucent exoskeleton composed chiefly of chitin.
What are lice covered with? - in detail
Lice are arthropods whose external body is a multi‑layered cuticle. The outermost layer, the epicuticle, is a thin, waxy coating composed mainly of lipids. This lipid film reduces water loss and provides a barrier against environmental chemicals. Beneath the epicuticle lies the exocuticle, a rigid structure formed from chitin fibers embedded in a protein matrix. The exocuticle gives the insect its shape and resistance to mechanical stress. The innermost layer, the endocuticle, contains a less‑sclerotized chitin‑protein network that allows limited flexibility.
In addition to the cuticular layers, the surface bears microscopic setae—hair‑like sensory organs that detect tactile and chemical cues. These setae are anchored in the cuticle and covered by the same waxy epicuticle, ensuring they remain functional while protected.
Key components of the lice exterior:
- Epicuticle: lipid‑rich, waterproof, prevents desiccation.
- Exocuticle: heavily sclerotized chitin‑protein, provides hardness.
- Endocuticle: less sclerotized chitin‑protein, permits slight flexure.
- Setae: sensory hairs coated by epicuticle, aid in navigation and host detection.
Together, these layers create a durable, moisture‑resistant envelope that enables lice to survive on the warm, humid environment of a host’s hair and skin.