Lice in a child: what should be treated at home? - briefly
Apply an approved pediculicide to the child's scalp, then comb meticulously to extract nits, while washing clothing, bedding, and vacuuming the living area. Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched lice.
Lice in a child: what should be treated at home? - in detail
Lice infestations in children require prompt, thorough management to eliminate parasites and prevent re‑infestation. Effective home treatment consists of three coordinated actions: mechanical removal, chemical or non‑chemical pediculicide application, and environmental control.
Mechanical removal involves combing wet hair with a fine‑toothed lice comb. The process should be repeated every 2–3 days for at least two weeks. Each combing session must include thorough inspection of the scalp, removal of live lice and nits, and disposal of collected material in sealed bags.
Chemical options include over‑the‑counter shampoos or lotions containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide. Instructions demand application to dry hair, leaving the product on for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), followed by a thorough rinse. Resistance to permethrin has been documented; in such cases, dimethicone‑based products provide an alternative, acting by coating and suffocating the insects.
Non‑chemical methods rely on silicone‑based lotions that immobilize lice, allowing removal with a comb. These agents are safe for repeated use and avoid the risk of resistance.
Environmental measures focus on eliminating viable eggs and adult lice from personal items. Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in airtight plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may contain nits.
Regular monitoring after treatment is essential. Examine the child’s hair every three days for the presence of live lice or viable nits. A second application of the chosen pediculicide is recommended 7–10 days after the initial treatment to target any newly hatched insects.
Seek professional medical evaluation if any of the following occur: persistent infestation despite two treatment cycles, severe scalp irritation or allergic reaction to products, or uncertainty regarding correct product use.