If lice are found, what should you do? - briefly
Confirm the infestation, then start treatment with an approved lice shampoo and a fine-tooth comb while washing all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water.
If lice are found, what should you do? - in detail
When lice are detected, confirm the infestation by examining the scalp and hair under good lighting. Look for live insects, nits attached close to the scalp, or small brown specks that are not easily brushed away.
Choose an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter shampoos or lotions containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are effective for most cases. Apply according to the product instructions, leaving the medication on the hair for the specified time before rinsing. If resistance is suspected or a second treatment fails, obtain a prescription from a healthcare professional—options include 0.5 % malathion, 0.1 % ivermectin, or benzyl alcohol lotion.
After the chemical treatment, use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Comb from scalp to ends, cleaning the comb after each pass. Repeat the combing process at least twice a day for one week to remove surviving nits and prevent re‑infestation.
Sanitize personal items and the environment. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat. Seal non‑washable items, such as hats or hair accessories, in a sealed bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward.
Schedule a follow‑up inspection 7–10 days after the initial treatment. Re‑examine hair for live lice or newly hatched nits. If any are found, repeat the treatment cycle promptly. Maintain routine checks weekly for at least one month to ensure complete eradication.