How to treat lice on people? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide (e.g., 1 % permethrin lotion) to dry hair, leave for the recommended time, rinse, and repeat in 7–10 days; then comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to eliminate nits. Wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water, and avoid sharing combs, hats, or other accessories.
How to treat lice on people? - in detail
Treating a lice infestation in humans requires a systematic approach that combines chemical or physical agents, thorough cleaning of personal items, and follow‑up checks.
First‑line therapy involves topical pediculicides applied to the scalp and hair. Recommended products include 1 % permethrin lotion, 0.5 % malathion solution, or dimethicone‑based silicone oil. Apply according to the manufacturer’s instructions, leave the agent on the hair for the specified duration (usually 10–15 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. A second application is necessary after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nymphs that survived the initial treatment.
If resistance to pyrethroids is suspected, alternative agents such as benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion, ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, or spinosad 0.9 % suspension may be used. Prescription oral ivermectin (200 µg/kg) is an option for severe or refractory cases, administered in a single dose and repeated after one week.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair, working from the scalp outward. Perform combing at least twice daily for three consecutive days, then repeat after the second pediculicide application. Remove all visible lice and nits; discard the comb after each use or sterilize it with hot water.
Environmental control limits re‑infestation. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may harbor nits.
After treatment, inspect the scalp daily for at least two weeks. Persistent live lice indicate treatment failure and require a repeat of the full protocol with an alternative agent. Educate all household members about avoiding head-to-head contact and sharing personal items such as combs, hats, or headphones.
Adhering to this protocol maximizes eradication success and minimizes the likelihood of recurrence.