How to treat lice and nits in a child? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide (such as 1 % permethrin lotion) to the child’s hair, follow the label timing, rinse, and comb out all live insects and eggs with a fine‑tooth nit comb; repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched nits and wash or seal clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water for at least two weeks.
How to treat lice and nits in a child? - in detail
Managing head lice and their eggs in children requires a systematic approach that combines effective medication, thorough removal techniques, and preventive measures.
First‑line treatment involves applying a pediculicide approved for pediatric use. Permethrin 1 % cream rinse or pyrethrin‑based products are applied to dry hair, left for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinsed thoroughly. Resistance to these agents is documented; if infestation persists after a second application, shift to a prescription‑only option such as a 0.5 % malathion lotion or a 0.05 % spinosad suspension, following the specific dosing instructions for the child’s age and weight.
After the chemical step, physically eliminate remaining insects and eggs. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair, working from scalp to tip in sections. Process each section several times, rinsing the comb after each pass. Repeat combing at 7‑day intervals for at least three sessions to capture newly hatched nymphs before they mature.
Environmental control minimizes re‑infestation. Wash bedding, clothing, and personal items used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F/54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Non‑washable items should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray lice and eggs. Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories during treatment.
Monitor the child’s scalp daily for live insects or viable eggs. Absence of live lice after the third combing session indicates successful eradication. If live lice are still observed, repeat the entire regimen, considering a different active ingredient to address possible resistance.
Finally, educate caregivers about early detection: look for itching, redness, or visible nits attached within 1 mm of the scalp. Prompt identification and immediate initiation of the outlined protocol reduce the duration of infestation and prevent spread to other children.