How to treat an allergy to dust mites? - briefly
Effective management combines allergen avoidance—regular washing of bedding at high temperatures, use of allergen‑impermeable covers, frequent vacuuming with HEPA filters, and humidity control — with pharmacologic therapy such as antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and, when appropriate, allergen‑specific immunotherapy. These measures reduce symptom severity and improve quality of life.
How to treat an allergy to dust mites? - in detail
Dust‑mite hypersensitivity manifests as sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, coughing or wheezing. Symptoms arise when microscopic allergens from mite feces and body fragments are inhaled or come into contact with skin.
Environmental control reduces exposure. Key actions include:
- Encase mattresses, pillows and duvets in allergen‑tight covers made of zippered fabric.
- Wash bedding weekly in water at least 60 °C; dry on high heat.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture with a HEPA‑rated cleaner.
- Remove wall‑to‑wall carpets; replace with low‑pile rugs or smooth flooring.
- Keep indoor relative humidity below 50 % using dehumidifiers or air‑conditioning.
- Store soft toys in sealed containers; wash them regularly or limit their presence in bedrooms.
- Reduce clutter that can collect dust; clean surfaces with damp cloths rather than dry dusting.
Pharmacologic therapy alleviates acute and chronic symptoms. Options are:
- Oral antihistamines (second‑generation agents) to counteract histamine‑mediated itching and sneezing.
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays for persistent nasal inflammation; onset of relief typically within days.
- Leukotriene‑receptor antagonists as adjuncts for bronchial hyper‑reactivity.
- Mast‑cell stabilizers (e.g., cromolyn sodium) for mild, intermittent nasal symptoms.
Allergen‑specific immunotherapy modifies the immune response. Subcutaneous injections or sublingual tablets containing dust‑mite extracts are administered over months to years, leading to reduced sensitivity and medication use. Effectiveness is greatest in patients with moderate to severe persistent symptoms who demonstrate a clear correlation between exposure and clinical reaction.
Lifestyle adjustments support long‑term management. Regular monitoring of symptom patterns helps identify trigger peaks. Incorporating nasal saline irrigation clears mucus and allergens from the nasal passages. Maintaining a smoke‑free environment and controlling pet dander further minimizes airway irritation.
Comprehensive management combines rigorous environmental measures, appropriate medication, and, when indicated, immunotherapy. Consistent application of these strategies yields significant reduction in symptom frequency and severity.