How to recognize nits and lice? - briefly
Examine the scalp and hair for tiny, tan‑gray insects roughly the size of a sesame seed that move rapidly when disturbed. Also look for oval, white or yellowish eggs firmly attached to the hair shaft within a millimeter of the scalp, appearing as translucent specks.
How to recognize nits and lice? - in detail
Nits are tiny, oval‑shaped eggs attached firmly to the hair shaft near the scalp. They appear as white, yellowish, or brown specks, often mistaken for dandruff. Unlike dandruff, nits cannot be brushed away easily; they remain glued to each strand. Under magnification, a nit’s shell shows a distinct, translucent outline with a darker interior where the embryo develops. The attachment point is usually within a quarter‑inch of the scalp, where the temperature supports hatching.
Live lice are small, wingless insects measuring 2–4 mm. Adult females are broader and darker than males, which are more slender. Both sexes have six legs, each ending in a claw that grips hair. Key visual cues include:
- Rapid, jerky movement when the head is examined closely.
- A brown, gray, or reddish‑brown body that may darken after feeding.
- Presence of a dark spot behind the head, the anus, visible through the abdomen.
- Eggs (nits) still attached nearby, indicating an active infestation.
To differentiate nits from dandruff or hair debris, follow these steps:
- Part the hair in small sections, pulling each section away from the scalp.
- Examine the base of each hair with a fine‑toothed comb or a magnifying lens.
- Look for cemented, oval structures that cannot be brushed off; they will remain attached even after vigorous combing.
- Check for live insects moving quickly across the hair or scalp surface.
- Observe the color and size: nits are uniform, smooth, and glossy; dandruff is flaky and irregular.
A thorough inspection includes the entire scalp, especially behind the ears, at the nape, and along the hairline. If live lice are detected, immediate treatment is required to prevent further spread.