How to know that lice have appeared? - briefly
Examine the scalp for live insects and small, oval, white or yellowish eggs firmly attached to hair shafts close to the skin; also watch for persistent itching, redness, or a cotton‑like residue from crushed lice. These signs confirm an infestation.
How to know that lice have appeared? - in detail
Detecting a head‑lice infestation requires careful observation of both the scalp and the individual’s symptoms.
Visible indicators include:
- Small, oval insects measuring 2–4 mm, usually gray‑brown or tan.
- Nits (lice eggs) attached firmly to hair shafts, appearing as tiny white or yellowish specks.
- Live lice moving quickly across the scalp or hair strands.
Typical reactions manifest as:
- Persistent itching, especially behind the ears, at the nape of the neck, or around the hairline.
- Red, irritated patches where bites have occurred.
- Secondary rash caused by scratching.
Effective inspection involves:
- Wetting the hair with a conditioner or water to immobilize the insects.
- Using a fine‑toothed lice comb, drawing it from the scalp outward in sections.
- Examining each comb pass on a white surface; live lice will be visible, and nits will remain attached to the hair strand.
- Repeating the process on multiple sections, including the back of the head and behind the ears.
Distinguishing lice from other scalp conditions is essential. Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or fungal infections may cause flaking or irritation but lack mobile insects and firmly attached eggs. Nits are differentiated by their angle of attachment; they sit at a 45‑degree angle to the hair shaft, whereas hair‑splitting debris lies flat.
If live lice or viable nits are found, immediate treatment should begin. Remove all detected insects and nits with the comb, then apply an approved pediculicide according to manufacturer instructions. Re‑inspect after 7–10 days to catch any newly hatched lice, and repeat the combing process weekly for at least three weeks to ensure complete eradication.