How to identify which bedbugs are present? - briefly
Inspect specimens under magnification, noting size, coloration, and distinctive markings, then compare these features to diagnostic keys for common species such as Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus.
How to identify which bedbugs are present? - in detail
Identifying the specific species of bedbugs requires a systematic approach that combines visual inspection, specimen collection, and professional analysis.
First, examine the insects’ morphology. Adult Cimex lectularius, the common household bedbug, measures 4–5 mm, has a flattened, oval body, and displays a reddish‑brown color that darkens after feeding. Its pronotum bears a distinct, straight, pale line along the edge. In contrast, Cimex hemipterus, prevalent in tropical regions, is similar in size but often shows a more pronounced, curved pale line and a slightly broader abdomen. Both species lack wings and have visible antennae with five segments. Nymphs resemble adults but are lighter in color and smaller; each molt adds a darker shade.
Second, collect samples for microscopic examination. Use a fine‑toothed brush or tweezers to transfer live or preserved specimens onto glass slides. Apply a drop of mounting medium and cover with a coverslip. Under 40–100× magnification, assess key characteristics: shape of the pronotum, pattern of the dorsal abdominal plates, and the structure of the genitalia in males. Male genitalia differ between species; C. lectularius exhibits a curved paramere, while C. hemipterus shows a straighter form.
Third, employ molecular techniques when morphology is ambiguous. Extract DNA from a single specimen using a standard kit, amplify the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene with PCR, and compare the sequence to reference databases such as BOLD or GenBank. A match with ≥98 % similarity confirms species identity.
Finally, consult a certified entomologist or pest‑management professional. They can verify findings, interpret results, and recommend appropriate control measures based on the identified species.
Key steps summarized:
- Visual inspection of size, color, and pronotal line.
- Microscopic slide preparation to observe pronotum, dorsal plates, and male genitalia.
- DNA barcoding of the COI gene for definitive confirmation.
- Professional verification and guidance.