How to fight lice in a child? - briefly
Use a medicated shampoo or lotion containing 1% permethrin, applying it according to the product instructions and combing out nits with a fine-tooth comb. Wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water, then vacuum the environment to eliminate remaining insects.
How to fight lice in a child? - in detail
Detecting an infestation promptly is essential. Examine the scalp and hair under bright light, part strands close to the scalp, and look for live insects, nymphs, or brownish eggs (nits) firmly attached to hair shafts. Focus on the nape, behind ears, and crown region.
Once lice are confirmed, begin treatment without delay:
- Chemical pediculicides – Apply a 1% permethrin lotion or a 0.5% pyrethrin‑piperonyl‑butoxide combination according to the product label. Leave the preparation on the hair for the specified time, then rinse thoroughly. A second application 7–10 days later eliminates newly hatched nymphs.
- Prescription options – For resistant cases, a single dose of oral ivermectin (200 µg/kg) or a topical 0.5% malathion preparation may be prescribed by a pediatrician. Follow the clinician’s dosing schedule precisely.
- Mechanical removal – Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Comb from scalp to tip in 1‑inch sections, rinsing the comb after each pass. Repeat the process daily for at least 10 days.
- Alternative agents – Dimethicone‑based lotions create a physical barrier that suffocates lice. Apply as directed, ensuring complete coverage of the scalp and hair length.
Environmental decontamination limits re‑infestation:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward.
- Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories until the infestation is resolved.
Monitoring after treatment is critical. Inspect the child’s hair every 2–3 days for live insects or newly attached nits. If any lice persist after the second chemical application, consult a healthcare professional for alternative therapy.
Preventive measures reduce future outbreaks:
- Teach children to avoid head‑to‑head contact during play.
- Encourage regular checks, especially after group activities.
- Keep personal items such as hats, scarves, and hair accessories separate.
- Maintain short hair lengths where feasible, as shorter hair is easier to inspect and treat.
Adhering to these steps provides a systematic, evidence‑based approach to eliminating head lice in a child and minimizing recurrence.