How to fight lice and nits? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide, then comb the hair with a fine-toothed nit comb while it is wet and conditioned, repeating the process after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched eggs. Wash or seal all bedding, clothing, and personal items at high temperature for at least two weeks to prevent re‑infestation.
How to fight lice and nits? - in detail
Head lice infestations are identified by itching, visible insects, or translucent eggs attached to hair shafts close to the scalp. Early detection relies on systematic scalp inspection using a magnifying lens and a fine‑tooth comb, focusing on the nape, behind the ears, and crown.
Effective removal combines mechanical and chemical measures. Mechanical removal requires wet combing: apply a generous amount of conditioner to damp hair, then run a nit comb from the scalp outward, wiping the comb after each pass. Perform this procedure every 2–3 days for two weeks to capture newly hatched nymphs. Chemical treatment involves applying a pediculicide that contains either pyrethrin, permethrin (1 %), or dimethicone. Follow label instructions precisely, leave the product on the scalp for the recommended duration, and repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate any survivors. In regions with documented resistance, seek prescription‑only agents such as malathion or ivermectin, administered under medical supervision.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation risk. Wash all clothing, bed linens, and towels used within the preceding 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for at least two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward. Avoid using fumigants or insecticide sprays on the environment, as they do not affect lice on the human host.
Prevention focuses on minimizing head‑to‑head contact and sharing of personal items. Prohibit the exchange of combs, hats, scarves, headphones, and hair accessories. Educate caregivers and school personnel on routine scalp checks, especially after outbreaks. Encourage children to keep hair tied back if long, reducing the likelihood of lice attachment.
By integrating prompt detection, disciplined combing schedules, appropriate medicated products, thorough decontamination, and vigilant preventive practices, infestations can be eradicated and recurrence prevented.