How to differentiate otitis from ear mites in a cat? - briefly
Otitis typically yields thick, foul‑smelling discharge, swelling, and pain, whereas ear mites produce a dry, dark, coffee‑ground crust and persistent scratching with minimal discomfort. A veterinary otoscopic examination and microscopic detection of mites confirm the diagnosis.
How to differentiate otitis from ear mites in a cat? - in detail
Ear problems in felines often involve either an inflammatory infection of the external canal or a parasitic infestation by ear mites. Correct identification relies on observation of clinical signs, thorough examination, and targeted diagnostics.
Typical manifestations differ markedly. Inflammatory infection usually presents with swollen, reddened ear margins, thickened cerumen that may be dark brown or black, and a foul odor. The cat may exhibit pain when the ear is touched, and discharge can be purulent or serous. In contrast, mite infestation produces a light to dark brown, crumbly debris that resembles coffee grounds, intense itching, and frequent head shaking. The ear may appear normal in color but is often filled with debris that clings to the hairline.
A veterinary otoscopic inspection provides the first objective clue. An infected canal shows edema, erythema, and possibly ulceration, while mites are visible as moving, translucent organisms attached to the skin or within the debris. Direct visualization of mites confirms parasitism.
Laboratory analysis refines the diagnosis. A sample of ear wax is collected with a cotton swab and examined under a microscope. The presence of mites, their eggs, or fecal pellets indicates parasitic disease. Cytology of the same sample reveals inflammatory cells, bacteria, or yeast, supporting an infectious process. Culture of swab material can identify bacterial species when needed.
Therapeutic approaches diverge. Inflammatory cases require topical or systemic antibiotics, anti‑inflammatory drugs, and thorough cleaning of the canal. Parasitic infestations are treated with acaricidal agents such as selamectin, ivermectin, or topical formulations containing pyrethrins, often accompanied by cleaning to remove debris. Failure to apply the correct regimen can prolong symptoms and risk secondary infections.
Preventive measures include regular ear inspections, maintaining dry environments, and routine application of preventive ectoparasitic products. Follow‑up examinations after treatment verify resolution, ensuring no residual infection or reinfestation.