How to defeat lice? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide to the scalp, follow the label’s exposure time, then remove all nits with a fine‑toothed comb; launder bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to interrupt the life cycle.
How to defeat lice? - in detail
Lice infestations involve tiny, wing‑less insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood. Adult females lay up to 10 eggs (nits) each day; eggs hatch in 7‑10 days, and the cycle repeats every 21 days. Understanding this timeline is essential for effective eradication.
Detect the problem early by examining the hair close to the scalp. Use a fine‑toothed comb on wet hair; look for live insects and ovoid nits attached to the shaft within ¼ inch of the scalp. Isolate affected individuals to prevent spread.
Chemical options include over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin. Apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinse. Repeat treatment after 7 days to target newly hatched lice. Resistance to permethrin is documented; if symptoms persist, consider a prescription‑strength product such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion, following medical guidance.
Non‑chemical strategies consist of wet combing with a fine metal comb, performed every 2‑3 days for two weeks. Comb each section from scalp to tip, wiping the comb after each pass. Heat‑based methods—using a hair dryer set to high heat for several minutes—kill lice but must be applied carefully to avoid scalp burns. Certain essential oils (e.g., tea tree, neem) have demonstrated lice‑killing properties; use only diluted preparations and monitor for skin reactions.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation risk. Wash bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags promptly. Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories.
Maintain vigilance after treatment. Examine hair daily for three weeks; repeat the combing or chemical protocol if live lice reappear. Document findings to confirm complete elimination.