How should you treat lice on the head? - briefly
Use an FDA‑approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion, applying it exactly as directed and combing out nits with a fine‑toothed comb after each treatment. Wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the environment to prevent re‑infestation.
How should you treat lice on the head? - in detail
Head‑lice infestations begin with the detection of live insects or viable nits attached to hair shafts near the scalp. Visual confirmation requires a fine‑tooth comb or magnification; viable nits appear tan or brown, while empty shells are translucent.
The first response is to isolate the affected individual, notify close contacts, and begin treatment promptly. Simultaneously, wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes; non‑washable items may be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks.
Effective chemical control includes over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin, applied to dry hair, left for the manufacturer‑specified duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinsed. Prescription options such as 0.5 % malathion or 0.1 % ivermectin are reserved for resistant cases and require a physician’s order. Follow label instructions precisely; over‑application does not increase efficacy and may increase toxicity.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. Use a fine‑tooth (0.2 mm) lice comb on wet, conditioned hair. Process each section from scalp outward, wiping the comb after each pass. Perform combing at least twice daily for ten days, ensuring all live lice and newly hatched nits are eliminated. Repeat the chemical application after seven days to destroy any surviving eggs.
After initial treatment, re‑examine the scalp on day 7 and day 14. Absence of live lice confirms success; persistent findings require a second full course of treatment or a switch to an alternative agent. Environmental decontamination should continue for the full two‑week period.
Preventive measures include avoiding the exchange of hats, hairbrushes, headphones, and bedding; maintaining regular head‑lice checks in schools or group settings; and educating caregivers about early detection. Consistent application of these protocols limits spread and reduces recurrence.