How should lice in a child's long hair be treated? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide shampoo or lotion specifically labeled for children, leave it on for the recommended time, then use a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove all live lice and nits, repeating the process after 7–10 days. Wash the child’s bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the environment to prevent reinfestation.
How should lice in a child's long hair be treated? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestation in a child with long hair involves a systematic approach that addresses both the insects and the environment.
First, confirm the presence of live lice and viable nits. Examine the scalp by parting the hair in sections of 2‑3 cm; use a fine‑toothed lice comb under bright light. Live lice appear as small, tan insects; nits are attached to the hair shaft close to the scalp.
Select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter products containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are effective when applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For resistance concerns, a 0.05 % malathion lotion or a prescription‑only ivermectin formulation may be used. Follow the exact contact time; premature removal reduces efficacy.
Apply the treatment to dry hair, ensuring the scalp and all strands are saturated. For long hair, divide the scalp into quadrants and work the product through each section with a comb to guarantee even distribution. After the recommended period, rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water.
Immediately after rinsing, perform a meticulous comb‑out. Use a fine lice comb on damp hair, starting at the scalp and moving toward the tips. Repeat the combing process every 5 cm of hair length. Remove each caught lice or nit and wipe the comb on a damp cloth before continuing. This step eliminates residual insects and most viable nits.
A second application is necessary 7‑10 days after the first, coinciding with the life cycle of lice eggs. Repeat the entire procedure—treatment, thorough comb‑out, and rinsing.
Sanitize personal items to prevent reinfestation. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward.
Educate caregivers on preventive measures. Advise against sharing combs, hats, hair accessories, and pillows. Recommend regular head checks, especially after group activities, and immediate treatment if lice are detected.
Monitor the child for three weeks post‑treatment. If live lice persist after the second application, consult a healthcare professional for alternative therapies, such as oral ivermectin or a prescription‑strength topical agent.