How should lice bites be treated? - briefly
Clean the affected skin with mild soap and water, then apply a topical antihistamine or low‑strength corticosteroid to alleviate itching and inflammation; if needed, an over‑the‑counter hydrocortisone cream can be used for additional relief. Use an insecticide shampoo to eradicate the lice and prevent further bites.
How should lice bites be treated? - in detail
Lice bites produce small, red, itchy papules that often appear on the neck, shoulders, and scalp. The primary goal of therapy is to relieve pruritus, prevent secondary infection, and eliminate the underlying infestation.
Initial care focuses on cleansing the affected skin. Gently wash the area with lukewarm water and mild, fragrance‑free soap. Pat dry and avoid rubbing, which can worsen irritation.
Topical agents that reduce inflammation and itching include:
- Hydrocortisone cream 1 % applied two to three times daily for up to seven days.
- Calamine lotion or zinc oxide paste for soothing relief.
- Antihistamine cream (e.g., diphenhydramine) used sparingly to control acute itch.
Oral antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine) may be taken once daily for persistent pruritus, especially at night. Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen) can provide additional pain relief.
If lesions become crusted, ooze, or show signs of infection (increased redness, swelling, warmth, pus), a short course of topical antibiotic (mupirocin) or oral antibiotics (dicloxacillin, cephalexin) may be required. Consultation with a healthcare professional is advised before initiating antibiotics.
Adjunct measures that support recovery:
- Keep fingernails trimmed to reduce skin damage from scratching.
- Apply cool compresses for 10‑15 minutes several times a day to dampen itch.
- Use a mild, fragrance‑free moisturizer after topical steroid treatment to maintain skin barrier integrity.
Eradicating the lice themselves is essential to stop further bites. Effective options include:
- Permethrin 1 % lotion applied to the entire scalp and hair, left for ten minutes, then rinsed.
- Dimethicone‑based treatments that suffocate insects without neurotoxic effects.
- Manual removal of nits with a fine‑toothed comb after applying a detangling conditioner.
All household linens, clothing, and personal items should be laundered in hot water (≥60 °C) and dried on high heat. Non‑washable items can be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks to kill any remaining parasites.
Seek medical evaluation if itching persists beyond two weeks, if allergic reactions develop, or if systemic symptoms such as fever appear. Prompt, targeted therapy minimizes discomfort and prevents complications.