How should lice be treated on the head? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide (e.g., permethrin 1% lotion) to the scalp, leave it on for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. Follow with a fine‑tooth nit comb to remove remaining nits, repeating the process in 7–10 days to prevent reinfestation.
How should lice be treated on the head? - in detail
Effective management of head‑lice infestation requires a systematic approach that combines immediate eradication, thorough cleaning of personal items, and preventive measures to avoid re‑infestation.
The first step is to apply an approved pediculicide. Options include:
- Permethrin 1 % lotion or shampoo, applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
- Pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide, used similarly to permethrin.
- Dimethicone‑based products, which suffocate lice without neurotoxic action; apply to wet hair, leave for 10 minutes, then comb out.
If resistance to neurotoxic agents is suspected, a dimethicone formulation is preferred. Follow the product’s instructions precisely; incorrect timing reduces efficacy and may increase side‑effects.
After treatment, use a fine‑toothed nit comb (0.2 mm spacing) to remove live insects and eggs. Comb the hair in sections, starting at the scalp and moving toward the ends. Repeat the combing process at least twice daily for seven days, as newly hatched lice emerge from eggs within 7–10 days.
A second application of the pediculicide is typically required 7–10 days after the first, targeting any lice that survived as eggs. Some products recommend a single treatment only; verify the label.
Environmental decontamination is essential:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., hats, plush toys) in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray nits.
Preventive strategies include:
- Advising all household members to inspect hair daily for live lice or nits.
- Avoiding head‑to‑head contact during play and sports.
- Not sharing personal items such as combs, hair accessories, or hats.
If symptoms persist after two treatment cycles, consult a healthcare professional for alternative therapies, such as oral ivermectin or spinosad, and to rule out secondary skin infection. Monitoring for adverse reactions, especially in children under two years, is critical; discontinue use and seek medical advice if irritation or allergic response occurs.