How should lice be treated if they are present? - briefly
Apply an approved pediculicide, such as 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % malathion, to the scalp following label instructions and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days. Combine this with meticulous nit combing and laundering of clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water to prevent re‑infestation.
How should lice be treated if they are present? - in detail
When a head‑lice infestation is confirmed, immediate action focuses on eliminating live insects and preventing re‑colonization. The first step involves thorough combing with a fine‑toothed lice comb. Wet the hair, apply a conditioner to reduce slip, and run the comb from scalp to tip in sections. After each pass, wipe the comb on a white tissue to inspect for lice or nits; repeat until no live insects are observed. This mechanical method removes up to 80 % of the population and reduces reliance on chemicals.
If mechanical removal does not achieve complete clearance, topical pediculicides are indicated. Over‑the‑counter products contain either pyrethrins with piperonyl‑butoxide, dimethicone, or 1 % permethrin. Apply according to label instructions, ensuring coverage of the entire scalp and hair length. Leave the preparation for the specified duration, then rinse thoroughly. A second application 7–10 days later targets newly hatched lice that survived the initial treatment.
Prescription‑only options become necessary for resistant infestations. Benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion, ivermectin 0·5 % lotion, or malathion 0·5 % shampoo are effective alternatives. These agents require medical assessment, as contraindications exist for infants, pregnant individuals, and those with specific skin conditions. Follow the prescribing clinician’s dosing schedule precisely; some products demand a single application, others a repeat dose after one week.
Environmental control complements direct treatment. Wash bedding, hats, scarves, and hair accessories in hot water (≥ 54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks, depriving lice of a host. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray hairs that may contain nits.
Monitoring continues for at least three weeks after the final treatment. Perform weekly comb checks; any live lice discovered warrant an immediate repeat of the chosen pediculicide regimen. Documentation of treatment dates, product types, and outcomes assists healthcare providers in evaluating efficacy and adjusting strategies if resistance emerges.