How should lice be treated and what actions to take? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide (e.g., 1% permethrin) to the hair according to the product directions, rinse, and repeat the treatment in 7–10 days while using a fine‑toothed lice comb to remove nits; wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the environment to eliminate any remaining lice.
How should lice be treated and what actions to take? - in detail
Effective management of head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines immediate eradication, environmental control, and follow‑up monitoring.
The first step is to apply a proven pediculicide. Options include:
- Permethrin 1 % lotion – applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7–10 days.
- Pyrethrin‑based products – used with a detergent shampoo to enhance penetration; follow manufacturer’s timing.
- Spinosad 0.9 % suspension – single application, no repeat needed for most cases.
- Dimethicone or silicone‑based liquids – physically coat and suffocate insects; useful for resistance concerns.
If resistance is suspected or the product is unavailable, a manual removal method can be employed. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair, combing from scalp to tip in sections. Repeat combing every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Environmental measures reduce re‑infestation risk:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., hats, plush toys) in airtight bags for at least two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats to remove stray nits.
After treatment, inspect the scalp daily for live insects or viable eggs. A second inspection at day 7–10 confirms the success of the initial application; a repeat treatment may be necessary if any live lice persist.
Preventive advice for households and schools includes:
- Educate children on avoiding head‑to‑head contact.
- Discourage sharing of personal items such as combs, helmets, or headphones.
- Implement routine checks in group settings, especially during outbreaks.
Document the treatment regimen, product used, and dates of application to facilitate communication with healthcare providers if symptoms recur or adverse reactions occur. Continuous vigilance and adherence to the outlined protocol ensure complete elimination and minimize the likelihood of resurgence.