How long does a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis last? - briefly
Immunity after the complete primary series typically persists for 3–5 years, after which a booster dose is recommended to maintain protection. Regular boosters every three to five years are advised for continued effectiveness.
How long does a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis last? - in detail
The protection conferred by the tick‑borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine persists for several years, but the exact duration depends on the immunisation schedule, the specific product used, and the recipient’s age and health status.
A standard primary series consists of three injections. The first two doses are administered one to three months apart, followed by a third dose five to twelve months after the second. This regimen establishes a baseline of immunity that typically remains adequate for at least three to five years in adults. After this period, a booster dose is recommended to sustain protective antibody levels.
Key factors influencing longevity of immunity:
- Vaccine brand – the two licensed formulations (Encepur and FSME‑IMMUN) show comparable short‑term efficacy; long‑term data suggest a slightly longer interval between boosters for FSME‑IMMUN in younger adults.
- Age – individuals over 60 experience a faster decline in antibody titres; boosters are advised every three years rather than five.
- Immunocompromised status – patients with weakened immune systems may lose protection within two years and require more frequent revaccination.
- Geographical exposure – regions with higher tick activity or endemic TBE strains may warrant shorter booster intervals.
Current guidelines from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and national health authorities prescribe the following booster schedule:
- Adults 18–60 years: booster every five years after the primary series.
- Adults >60 years: booster every three years.
- Children (1–15 years): booster every five years, with the first booster administered at least one year after the third primary dose.
- Immunocompromised persons: booster every two to three years, with serological testing to confirm adequate antibody levels.
Serological monitoring can identify waning immunity. An anti‑TBE IgG concentration above 100 mIU/mL is generally accepted as protective; values below this threshold signal the need for an early booster.
In summary, the TBE vaccine provides durable protection for a minimum of three years, extending to five years in most healthy adults. Adjustments to the booster interval are required for older age groups, immunocompromised patients, and individuals with high exposure risk. Regular assessment of antibody titres ensures continued efficacy.