How is a tick transmitted in an EVAK vaccine? - briefly
The EVAK vaccine consists solely of purified recombinant antigens and an adjuvant, with no live tick or tick‑derived material administered to the recipient. Consequently, the arthropod is not transmitted during vaccination.
How is a tick transmitted in an EVAK vaccine? - in detail
The EVAK immunization does not involve the physical transfer of a living tick. Instead, the product contains biological material derived from ticks that has been processed to eliminate any viable organisms. The production workflow proceeds as follows:
- Adult or nymphal ticks are harvested under controlled laboratory conditions. Specimens are screened to confirm the absence of contaminating pathogens.
- Salivary glands, midgut tissues, or whole‑body homogenates are dissected and subjected to a series of purification steps, including centrifugation, filtration, and chromatography. These operations isolate specific proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids that are recognized by the immune system.
- The isolated tick‑derived components undergo inactivation or denaturation, typically by heat, chemical agents, or irradiation, to guarantee that no living tick cells remain. Validation assays, such as viability cultures and PCR, confirm the complete loss of tick viability.
- The purified antigens are mixed with a pharmaceutical adjuvant that enhances immunogenicity. The final formulation is sterile‑filtered and filled into vials under aseptic conditions.
During administration, the recipient receives only the non‑viable tick antigens, which stimulate an immune response without any risk of tick transmission. Quality‑control testing, including sterility checks, endotoxin limits, and potency assays, ensures that each batch meets regulatory standards for safety and efficacy.