How is a book mite dangerous? - briefly
These arthropods consume mold and organic residues in paper, emitting allergens and enzymes that can provoke asthma, allergic rhinitis, or skin irritation. Their feeding also breaks down cellulose, causing permanent deterioration of the book’s pages.
How is a book mite dangerous? - in detail
Book mites (Acaridae) thrive in paper products, feeding on organic residues such as skin cells, pollen, and mold spores that accumulate on bindings and pages. Their activity compromises the integrity of printed matter in several ways.
First, the mites’ mandibles abrade the surface of paper fibers. Continuous chewing creates microscopic holes, thinning the sheet and leading to tears that spread under stress. Over time, the cumulative loss of material weakens the binding, causing covers and spines to separate.
Second, the insects excrete waste rich in enzymes and uric acid. These secretions act as catalysts for cellulose degradation, accelerating the breakdown of lignin and hemicellulose. The resulting discoloration appears as brownish spots or yellowing, which is often irreversible.
Third, mite populations generate allergens. Their body fragments and fecal pellets become airborne, provoking respiratory irritation, asthma attacks, and skin reactions in sensitive individuals. Libraries, archives, and homes with extensive collections can experience elevated indoor allergen levels during infestations.
Fourth, the presence of mites signals broader environmental problems. High humidity and poor ventilation, which favor mite reproduction, also promote mold growth. Mold spores, in turn, provide additional food for the mites, creating a feedback loop that intensifies damage to books and other paper artifacts.
Key points of risk:
- Physical erosion of paper and binding components.
- Chemical alteration of cellulose leading to discoloration and brittleness.
- Release of allergenic particles affecting human health.
- Indicator of unfavorable storage conditions that may support further biodeterioration.
Mitigation requires controlling moisture (maintaining relative humidity below 55 %), regular cleaning to remove dust and debris, and periodic inspection for signs of infestation. In severe cases, professional pest‑management treatments, such as controlled‑temperature fumigation, may be necessary to eradicate the population and preserve the collection.