How does tea tree oil help with lice? - briefly
Tea tree oil contains terpinen‑4‑ol, which penetrates the exoskeleton of lice and disrupts their nervous system, leading to rapid death, and it also affects egg viability. Its anti‑inflammatory properties soothe scalp irritation while the oil’s scent deters re‑infestation.
How does tea tree oil help with lice? - in detail
Tea tree oil contains terpinen‑4‑ol, γ‑terpinene, and α‑terpinene, compounds that disrupt the nervous system of Pediculus humanus capitis. These constituents penetrate the exoskeleton, interfere with acetylcholinesterase activity, and cause rapid paralysis and death of both adult insects and nymphs.
The oil also exhibits ovicidal properties. When applied to hair and scalp, it penetrates the protective layers of louse eggs, weakening the chorion and preventing embryonic development. Studies show a reduction of viable nits by up to 70 % after a single 30‑minute exposure.
Effective use requires thorough saturation of the hair shaft and scalp. A typical protocol involves:
- Diluting 5 %–10 % tea tree oil in a carrier such as coconut or olive oil.
- Applying the mixture to dry hair, massaging to ensure coverage of the scalp and hair roots.
- Covering the head with a shower cap for 30 minutes to prevent evaporation.
- Removing excess oil with a gentle shampoo, then repeating the treatment after 7–10 days to target newly hatched lice.
Safety considerations include patch testing before full application to avoid contact dermatitis, especially in children under two years of age. The oil’s volatility can cause irritation if used undiluted; proper dilution mitigates this risk.
Clinical trials comparing tea tree oil formulations with conventional pediculicides report comparable cure rates, while noting a lower incidence of systemic side effects. However, resistance to synthetic insecticides does not apply to essential oil components, but variability in oil composition can affect efficacy. Standardized, high‑quality preparations are essential for consistent results.