How does ear mite infection occur? - briefly
Ear mites are transferred from an infected host to another animal via close contact or shared bedding, after which the parasites migrate into the ear canal and begin reproducing.
How does ear mite infection occur? - in detail
Ear mites, primarily Otodectes cynotis, colonize the external auditory canal by exploiting warm, moist environments that favor their survival. Adult females lay eggs on the skin surface within the ear canal; each egg hatches into a larva after 3‑4 days. The larva progresses through two nymphal stages, each lasting 3‑4 days, before reaching adulthood. The entire life cycle completes in approximately 2‑3 weeks, during which the mites feed on skin debris and secretions, causing irritation and inflammation.
Transmission occurs through direct contact with an infested host. Common routes include:
- Grooming or play between animals, especially in multi‑pet households.
- Shared bedding, blankets, or grooming tools that retain mite eggs or larvae.
- Mother‑to‑offspring contact during nursing or close confinement.
Environmental conditions accelerate spread. High humidity and temperatures between 25‑30 °C promote egg viability and larval development. Crowded living spaces increase the likelihood of repeated exposure, allowing mites to reinfest previously treated animals.
Effective prevention relies on interrupting the life cycle. Regular inspection of ear canals, prompt removal of debris, and routine application of approved acaricidal treatments reduce mite populations. Cleaning and disinfecting shared items after each use eliminates residual eggs and larvae, breaking the chain of infection.