How does dandruff differ from lice eggs? - briefly
Dandruff is composed of loose skin flakes that can be brushed off, while lice eggs are oval, yellow‑brown capsules firmly glued to individual hair shafts near the scalp. The flakes detach easily; the eggs stay attached until they hatch.
How does dandruff differ from lice eggs? - in detail
Dandruff consists of dead skin cells that detach from the scalp. The particles are typically 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter, white or yellowish, and easily brush off. They are not attached to hair shafts and do not require any adhesive. Dandruff originates from excess keratinocyte turnover, often triggered by seborrheic dermatitis, fungal overgrowth (Malassezia), or dry skin.
Lice eggs, commonly called nits, are oval structures about 0.8 mm long. They are firmly glued to the base of each hair strand by a proteinaceous cement secreted by the adult louse. Nits appear as translucent or slightly brownish specks, often positioned within a few centimeters of the scalp. Because they are attached, they do not fall off with brushing and require manual removal or chemical treatment.
Key distinguishing characteristics:
- Size and shape: Dandruff flakes are flat, irregular, and smaller; nits are elongated, oval, and larger.
- Attachment: Flakes are loose; nits are cemented to hair.
- Location: Flakes are scattered across the scalp and shoulders; nits cluster near the scalp, typically behind the ears and at the nape.
- Mobility: Flakes move with airflow; nits remain stationary until the hair grows out or is removed.
- Color: Dandruff is white‑to‑yellow; nits are translucent to light brown.
- Response to treatment: Anti‑dandruff shampoos (zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole) reduce flaking; pediculicides (permethrin, dimethicone) eradicate eggs.
Microscopic examination highlights the differences: dandruff cells show a layered, keratinized appearance, while nits reveal a developing embryo within a clear shell. Recognizing these features prevents misdiagnosis and ensures appropriate management—scalp hygiene and antifungal agents for flaking, versus combing and insecticidal products for lice infestations.