How does a person treat lice? - briefly
Effective lice removal involves applying a pediculicide shampoo or lotion according to the product’s instructions, then combing wet hair with a fine‑toothed lice comb to eliminate nits. Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
How does a person treat lice? - in detail
Lice infestations require a systematic approach that combines immediate removal, chemical or physical treatment, and preventive measures.
Detection and assessment
- Examine scalp and hair under good lighting, using a fine-toothed comb to separate strands.
- Identify live insects, nits attached to hair shafts within 1 cm of the scalp, and any secondary skin irritation.
Physical removal
- Apply a conditioner or detangling spray to loosen nits.
- Use a metal nit comb, moving from the scalp outward, cleaning the comb after each pass.
- Repeat combing every 2–3 days for at least two weeks to capture newly hatched lice.
Chemical treatment options
- Pediculicides – FDA‑approved products containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide. Apply according to label instructions, leave on scalp for the specified duration, then rinse thoroughly.
- Spinosad – 0.9 % suspension, effective against resistant strains; single application may suffice.
- Malathion – 0.5 % lotion, reserved for cases where other agents fail; avoid use on children under six months.
- Ivermectin – topical 0.5 % lotion, alternative for resistant infestations; follow medical guidance.
Safety considerations
- Verify allergy history before applying topical agents.
- Avoid excessive use; over‑application can cause scalp irritation or systemic toxicity.
- For pregnant or nursing individuals, prioritize physical removal and consult a healthcare professional before using chemicals.
Post‑treatment protocol
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal in plastic bags for two weeks.
- Vacuum upholstered furniture and car seats to eliminate stray insects.
- Perform a second nit‑comb session 7–10 days after the initial treatment to eliminate any survivors.
Preventive strategies
- Discourage head‑to‑head contact during play or sports.
- Keep personal items such as hats, scarves, and hairbrushes separate.
- Educate caregivers and school staff on early detection signs and proper response procedures.
Following these steps maximizes eradication success and minimizes recurrence.