How do you treat household lice? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide to the hair, follow the label‑specified exposure time, and then eliminate remaining nits with a fine‑toothed comb. Wash all bedding, clothing, and upholstery in hot water or dry on high heat, and vacuum the residence thoroughly.
How do you treat household lice? - in detail
Treating a lice infestation in a residence requires a coordinated approach that targets both the insects on the host and the environment where they thrive.
First, identify the presence of lice by inspecting hair and scalp for live insects and nits attached close to the scalp. Use a fine-toothed comb on wet, conditioned hair to separate and capture specimens.
Second, administer an appropriate pediculicide to all affected individuals. Options include:
- 1% permethrin lotion, applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nits.
- 0.5% malathion oil, applied for 8–12 hours, suitable for resistant cases.
- Dimethicone‑based products, which suffocate lice without chemicals, applied for 30 minutes.
Follow product instructions precisely; avoid excessive exposure, especially on children under two years.
Third, remove nits mechanically. After treatment, comb hair with a fine nit comb at least twice daily for one week. Discard each combed section onto a white surface to verify removal.
Fourth, decontaminate personal items and surroundings:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed toys) in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks, the duration of the lice life cycle.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and vehicle seats thoroughly; discard vacuum bags or clean canisters immediately.
Fifth, prevent re‑infestation by educating household members on avoiding head‑to‑head contact, not sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories, and performing weekly inspections for at least one month.
Finally, monitor progress. If live lice persist after two treatment cycles, consult a healthcare professional for alternative medications or prescription‑strength options. Continuous adherence to the outlined steps typically eradicates the infestation within three weeks.