How do moose lice bite? - briefly
Moose lice are chewing ectoparasites that rasp the hair and skin surface with their mandibles rather than injecting venom. Their feeding creates minor abrasions and stimulates inflammation, which can be perceived as a bite.
How do moose lice bite? - in detail
Moose lice (genus Neurotrichus) are ectoparasites that attach to the hair and skin of their host. Their mouthparts consist of a pair of sharp, piercing mandibles and a supplementary maxilla that together form a miniature stylet. When the insect locates a suitable feeding site, it inserts the stylet through the hair shaft or directly into the epidermis. The mandibles cut a tiny opening, while the maxilla creates a channel for saliva injection.
Saliva contains anticoagulant proteins that prevent blood clotting and enzymes that break down tissue proteins. This fluid facilitates the extraction of blood and interstitial fluid. The louse then draws the liquid up the foregut using a rhythmic peristaltic motion. The process lasts only a few seconds per feeding event, after which the insect withdraws its mouthparts and may relocate to another spot.
Key aspects of the feeding behavior include:
- Site selection: Preference for areas with dense hair and thin skin, such as the neck, flanks, and legs.
- Attachment: Hook-like claws on the tarsal segments secure the louse while it feeds.
- Feeding duration: Typically 10–30 seconds per bite, allowing the louse to ingest enough fluid for metabolism.
- Physiological impact: Repeated bites cause localized irritation, minor inflammation, and occasional secondary infections due to skin damage.
The cumulative effect of many individuals feeding simultaneously can lead to noticeable blood loss and skin lesions, especially in heavily infested specimens. Understanding the precise mechanics of their mouthparts and saliva composition is essential for developing targeted control measures.