How dangerous are lice for children? - briefly
Head lice cause intense itching and may result in secondary bacterial infections from scalp scratching, but they do not transmit serious diseases. Effective treatment removes the infestation and prevents further discomfort.
How dangerous are lice for children? - in detail
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) affect millions of school‑age children worldwide. Infestations arise primarily through direct head‑to‑head contact; shared hats, hairbrushes, or bedding increase risk. Seasonal peaks occur in late summer and early autumn when children return to school after holidays.
Physical consequences include intense pruritus caused by saliva‑induced irritation, which can lead to excoriation and secondary bacterial infection such as impetigo. In rare cases, hypersensitivity to louse saliva produces localized erythema or urticaria. Systemic effects are minimal; anemia or severe illness are exceedingly uncommon.
Psychological impact is significant. Visible nits and adult lice often provoke embarrassment, social withdrawal, or bullying. Stigma may affect academic performance and self‑esteem, emphasizing the need for discreet management.
Effective control relies on a combination of chemical and mechanical methods:
- Apply a pediculicide approved by health authorities (e.g., permethrin 1 % or dimethicone‑based products) according to label instructions.
- Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet hair to remove live lice and nits; repeat combing every 2–3 days for two weeks.
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum upholstered furniture and car seats to eliminate detached eggs.
- Educate caregivers and school staff on early detection and proper treatment protocols.
School policies should require notification of the principal or health office upon discovery of an infestation, while avoiding exclusion of affected children unless directed by a medical professional. Prompt treatment, combined with thorough environmental cleaning, limits spread and minimizes health and social repercussions.