How can you distinguish dandruff from lice eggs in children? - briefly
Dandruff consists of loose, white flakes that detach easily from the scalp, whereas lice eggs (nits) are immobile, oval, yellow‑brown specks firmly glued to each hair strand close to the scalp. Inspecting the hair shaft for attached, immovable particles distinguishes nits from ordinary dandruff.
How can you distinguish dandruff from lice eggs in children? - in detail
Distinguishing scalp flakes caused by dandruff from the eggs (nits) of head‑lice requires careful visual inspection and an understanding of their physical characteristics.
The flakes of dandruff are loose, white‑gray particles that detach easily from the hair shaft. They are typically irregular in shape, may have a powdery texture, and are not firmly attached to the hair. When a strand is brushed, the particles fall away without resistance. Dandruff often appears on the shoulders and upper back as well as the scalp.
Nits differ in several key aspects. They are oval, about 0.8 mm long, and have a creamy‑white to yellowish hue. Each nit is firmly glued to the hair shaft, usually within 1 cm of the scalp, and requires a fine‑toothed comb or fingernail to dislodge. Under magnification, the nit’s shell shows a smooth, translucent surface, and the embryo inside may be visible as a darker spot. Nits do not crumble or disperse when brushed; they remain attached unless manually removed.
Practical steps for accurate identification:
- Part the hair in sections, pulling strands away from the scalp.
- Use a bright light or a magnifying lens to examine the particles.
- Observe attachment: loose flakes detach with a gentle brush; nits stay affixed.
- Check location: nits are found close to the scalp, especially behind ears and at the nape; dandruff can be more widespread.
- Look for movement: live lice are mobile; nits are stationary.
- If uncertain, press a suspected nit with a fingernail; a firmly attached egg will resist removal, while a flake will crumble.
When both conditions coexist, treat each separately: anti‑dandruff shampoos containing zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole reduce flaking, while a nit‑comb combined with a pediculicide eliminates lice. Regular scalp examinations after treatment confirm resolution.