How can lice be removed from people's hair? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide lotion or shampoo, then comb the hair thoroughly with a fine-toothed lice comb to remove live insects and nits; wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water. Repeat the process after seven days to eliminate any newly hatched eggs.
How can lice be removed from people's hair? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice requires a combination of direct parasite eradication, environmental decontamination, and follow‑up inspections.
The first step is immediate removal of live insects and their eggs. A fine‑toothed nit comb, used on wet, conditioned hair, dislodges lice and nits. Comb each section from scalp to tip, cleaning the comb after every pass. Repeating the process every 2–3 days for two weeks ensures any newly hatched nits are captured before they mature.
Chemical agents provide rapid kill rates. Over‑the‑counter shampoos containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are applied according to package directions, left on the scalp for the recommended time, then rinsed. Prescription options include 0.5 % malathion, 0.9 % spinosad, or oral ivermectin, administered in a single dose or a short course. Resistance patterns dictate the choice; if a product fails, a different class should be used.
Non‑chemical suffocation methods rely on occluding the insect’s respiratory openings. Applying a generous layer of mineral oil, olive oil, or petroleum jelly to the scalp, covering with a shower cap, and leaving it for at least 8 hours can immobilize lice. After removal, the hair must be washed thoroughly to eliminate oil residue.
Environmental control prevents re‑infestation. Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags afterward. Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories.
A systematic follow‑up schedule confirms success. Inspect the scalp 7 days after treatment; if live lice are present, repeat the chosen method. Conduct a second inspection at day 14 to detect any late hatching nits. Document findings to guide future interventions.
In summary, combine mechanical combing, appropriate insecticidal treatment, optional suffocation, rigorous cleaning of personal items, and scheduled re‑examinations to achieve complete eradication of head lice.