How can lice be removed from a small child? - briefly
Apply a medicated lice shampoo according to the label, then comb the hair with a fine‑toothed «nit comb» while the hair remains damp, removing each nymph and egg. Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched lice.
How can lice be removed from a small child? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice in a toddler demands a systematic protocol that combines chemical treatment, meticulous combing, and environmental control.
First, verify the presence of live insects and viable eggs. Live lice appear as grayish insects about 2–3 mm long, moving quickly on the scalp. Viable nits are oval, firmly attached to the hair shaft within ¼ inch of the scalp; translucent nits are empty shells and can be discarded.
Select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter products containing 1 % permethrin, 0.5 % pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide, or 0.6 % dimethicone are approved for children aged six months and older. Follow label instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, saturate scalp, leave for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. Avoid products with neurotoxic agents such as malathion in children under two years.
After chemical application, perform a thorough combing session. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb, working from the scalp outward in 1‑inch sections. Remove each louse and nit before moving to the next section. Repeat combing at least once daily for seven days, then again after 7–10 days to capture any newly hatched lice.
Supplementary mechanical removal can replace or augment chemicals. Soak hair in warm water (38–40 °C) for 20 minutes, then comb with a nit comb. This method eliminates the need for insecticides but requires multiple sessions over several days.
Environmental measures reduce reinfestation risk. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray nits.
Conduct a follow‑up inspection 14 days after the initial treatment. Confirm the absence of live lice and viable nits. If any are detected, repeat the entire protocol with a different class of pediculicide to prevent resistance.
Preventive education for caregivers includes regular head checks, avoiding head‑to‑head contact during play, and discouraging the sharing of combs, hats, or hair accessories. Consistent application of these steps ensures complete eradication and minimizes recurrence.