How can lice be eliminated from a person? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion, follow the manufacturer’s timing instructions, then rinse and comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove nymphs and eggs. Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days and launder clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water to prevent re‑infestation.
How can lice be eliminated from a person? - in detail
Effective removal of head lice requires a systematic approach that combines detection, treatment, and preventive measures.
First, confirm the presence of live insects or viable eggs (nits) by parting the hair close to the scalp and examining the roots with a fine-toothed comb. Nits appear as oval, cement‑attached structures, often yellow‑brown, while live lice are grayish and move quickly.
Second, apply an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter options contain either pyrethrins, permethrin (1 %), phenothrin, or dimethicone. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, leave for the specified time, then rinse thoroughly. For resistant infestations, a prescription‑only agent such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion may be required; these should be used under medical supervision.
Third, perform mechanical removal. After the chemical treatment, use a metal or plastic lice comb with 0.2 mm teeth. Comb sections of hair from scalp to tip, wiping the comb on a white surface after each pass to capture lice and nits. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for at least ten days to eliminate newly hatched insects.
Fourth, repeat the chemical application. A second dose is essential 7–10 days after the first, targeting any eggs that survived the initial exposure.
Fifth, decontaminate personal items. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F/54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –4 °F (–20 °C) for at least 24 hours.
Sixth, limit re‑infestation risk. Advise the affected individual to avoid head‑to‑head contact and to refrain from sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories until the treatment course is complete. Regularly inspect household members and treat any secondary cases promptly.
Finally, monitor progress. Continue visual checks for live lice and nits for up to four weeks. If live insects persist despite repeated treatment, consult a healthcare professional for alternative regimens or combination therapy.
By adhering to this sequence—verification, appropriate medicament, diligent combing, repeat dosing, environmental sanitation, behavioral precautions, and ongoing surveillance—lice can be reliably eradicated from a person.