How can lice be eliminated from a child's long hair? - briefly
Apply a recommended pediculicide according to the label, then comb the damp hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb, working through each section to remove all lice and nits. Repeat the process after 7–10 days and launder bedding and personal items in hot water to prevent re‑infestation.
How can lice be eliminated from a child's long hair? - in detail
Eliminating head‑lice infestation in children with long hair requires a systematic approach that combines chemical treatment, mechanical removal, and environmental control.
First, select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter shampoos or lotions containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are effective when applied according to the product instructions. For resistant cases, a prescription‑only preparation with 0.5 % malathion or 0.05 % ivermectin may be necessary. Apply the medication to dry hair, ensuring full coverage from scalp to the tips, then leave it on for the specified duration before rinsing.
Second, perform thorough combing. While the hair remains damp, use a fine‑toothed nit comb (spacing ≤0.2 mm). Divide the hair into 2‑inch sections and comb each section from scalp to tip, wiping the comb on a white tissue after each pass. Repeat the process for the entire head, then again after 7–10 days to catch any newly hatched nymphs.
Third, maintain hair hygiene. Wash all bedding, hats, scarves, and hair accessories in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –20 °C for 24 hours. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray eggs.
Fourth, educate caregivers. Advise against sharing combs, brushes, hats, or pillows. Encourage regular inspection of the child’s hair, especially after school or camp attendance, to detect early signs of reinfestation.
Finally, monitor treatment efficacy. After the second combing session, verify the absence of live lice and viable nits. If any are found, repeat the chemical treatment and combing cycle. Persistent infestation after two full cycles warrants consultation with a healthcare professional for alternative therapies or resistance testing.