How can lice be effectively removed? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide to damp, conditioned hair and comb through with a fine-tooth nit comb, repeating the process after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched eggs. Wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the environment to prevent reinfestation.
How can lice be effectively removed? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice requires a systematic approach that combines chemical treatment, mechanical removal, and environmental control.
First, select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter options containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are approved for single‑application use. For resistant infestations, a prescription‑only product with 0.5 % malathion or 0.025 % ivermectin may be necessary. Apply the lotion or shampoo according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring thorough coverage of the scalp and hair shafts. Leave the preparation on for the recommended duration, then rinse completely.
Second, perform nit combing. Use a fine‑toothed metal or plastic lice comb, spaced no more than 0.2 mm between teeth. While the hair remains damp, pull the comb from scalp to tip in a single, smooth motion. After each pass, wipe the comb on a white tissue to detect any live insects or eggs. Repeat the process for the entire head, then wash the comb in hot, soapy water.
Third, repeat treatment. Because nits may hatch after the initial application, a second round of chemical treatment and combing is required 7–10 days later. This timing targets newly emerged lice before they reproduce.
Fourth, decontaminate personal items. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –20 °C for at least 24 hours.
Fifth, limit re‑infestation risk. Advise all close contacts—family members, classmates, and caregivers—to undergo simultaneous examination and treatment. Encourage regular head checks for at least three weeks following the final treatment.
Summary of steps:
- Apply an approved pediculicide as directed.
- Comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed lice comb; clean comb after each pass.
- Repeat chemical and mechanical treatment after 7–10 days.
- Wash or isolate all potentially contaminated fabrics and belongings.
- Treat all close contacts and continue monitoring for three weeks.
Adhering to this protocol maximizes the probability of complete eradication and prevents recurrence.