How can lice and their nits be removed? - briefly
Use an FDA‑approved pediculicide (shampoo, lotion, or spray) and then comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove live insects and eggs. Repeat the process after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched lice.
How can lice and their nits be removed? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice and their eggs requires a combination of mechanical, chemical, and environmental strategies.
The first step is to isolate the infested individual to prevent further spread. Wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks, depriving lice of a food source.
Mechanical removal involves a fine-toothed comb specifically designed for lice. After applying a suitable conditioner to loosen the insects, comb the hair from the scalp to the ends in systematic sections. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for two weeks, discarding comb teeth after each use or sterilizing them with boiling water.
Chemical treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % or pyrethrin‑based products. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely: apply the lotion or shampoo to dry hair, leave it on for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. A second application after 7–10 days targets newly hatched nymphs that survived the first treatment. For resistant infestations, prescription options such as ivermectin or benzyl alcohol lotion may be prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Adjunctive measures enhance efficacy:
- Trim or shave hair to reduce the surface area where lice can cling.
- Use a hair‑drying setting (high heat) after treatment to kill remaining nits.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard or wash vacuum bags immediately.
- Avoid sharing combs, brushes, hats, or headphones until the infestation is cleared.
Monitoring continues for four weeks after the last treatment. Examine the scalp weekly with a magnifying lens; any live lice indicate the need for repeat treatment and a review of environmental decontamination steps. Persistent cases should be evaluated by a medical provider to rule out underlying conditions or resistance.