How can lice and nits be eliminated from an adult? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion according to the label, then thoroughly comb out live insects and eggs with a fine‑toothed nit comb; repeat the treatment in 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched lice.
How can lice and nits be eliminated from an adult? - in detail
Effective removal of head‑lice infestations in adults requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and environmental strategies.
First, apply a pediculicide approved for adult use. Permethrin 1 % lotion, pyrethrin‑based sprays, or dimethicone‑based products penetrate the insect exoskeleton and immobilize the parasites. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for contact time, typically 10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.
Second, eliminate viable eggs by manual extraction. After treatment, comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit‑comb while the hair is still damp. Work from the scalp outward, sectioning the hair to ensure complete coverage. Repeat the combing process at 24‑hour intervals for three consecutive days to catch any eggs that survived the initial treatment.
Third, address re‑infestation risk. Wash all personal items—pillows, hats, scarves, hairbrushes—in hot water (≥ 60 °C) for at least 10 minutes, then dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in airtight plastic bags for two weeks, depriving lice of a host. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray insects.
Fourth, consider adjunctive measures when resistance is suspected. Spinosad 0.9 % suspension or oral ivermectin (200 µg/kg, single dose) may be prescribed under medical supervision.
Finally, monitor for treatment failure. Persistent itching or visible lice after the third combing session warrants repeat application of a different pediculicide and a repeat mechanical removal cycle. Continuous observation for one week confirms eradication.