How can I remove lice and nits: what methods are used? - briefly
Use a medicated shampoo or lotion (e.g., permethrin, dimethicone) to kill the insects, then comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to extract live lice and attached eggs, repeating the process every 2–3 days for a week. Follow with a second application of the product after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched nymphs.
How can I remove lice and nits: what methods are used? - in detail
Effective elimination of head‑lice infestations requires a combination of mechanical removal, chemical treatment, and environmental control.
First, isolate the affected individual to prevent immediate re‑infestation. Use a fine‑toothed comb specifically designed for lice removal. Apply a conditioner or a small amount of oil to the hair to reduce friction, then comb from the scalp outward in sections, repeating each pass at least three times. After each combing session, wipe the comb on a disposable surface and wash it with hot, soapy water. Continue this process daily for a minimum of seven days, as newly hatched nits may emerge after the initial treatment.
Second, apply an approved pediculicide if the mechanical method alone does not clear the infestation. Recommended active ingredients include:
- 1% permethrin lotion – apply to dry hair, leave for 10 minutes, then rinse.
- 0.5% malathion shampoo – leave for 30 minutes before rinsing.
- Dimethicone‑based lotion – suffocates insects without neurotoxic effects; leave for 15 minutes.
Follow the product’s label instructions precisely; most formulations require a second application 7–10 days after the first to eradicate any surviving eggs.
Third, address personal items and the living environment. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the past 48 hours in water hotter than 130 °F (54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks, depriving lice of a host. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats thoroughly; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward.
Fourth, consider preventive measures to avoid recurrence. Advise regular inspection of hair, especially after school or camp activities. Encourage the use of hair ties that keep hair secured and reduce the likelihood of lice transfer. Educate household members about avoiding head‑to‑head contact and sharing personal items such as combs, hats, or headphones.
Finally, monitor the situation. After the treatment cycle, examine the scalp for live insects or viable nits. Absence of live lice after two consecutive checks, spaced 48 hours apart, confirms successful eradication. If live insects persist, repeat the mechanical combing regimen and consult a healthcare professional for alternative prescription options.