How can domestic lice be cured? - briefly
Domestic lice are eradicated by applying a pediculicide shampoo or lotion containing permethrin or dimethicone, leaving it on the hair for the recommended time, then combing out nits with a fine-toothed comb; repeat the treatment after seven days to destroy any newly hatched insects. Maintaining clean bedding, clothing, and regular vacuuming of living areas prevents reinfestation.
How can domestic lice be cured? - in detail
Domestic lice infestations require a combination of direct parasite elimination and environmental sanitation. Immediate action focuses on removing live insects and eggs from the host’s hair.
- Separate the affected individual from others to prevent cross‑contamination.
- Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair; comb from scalp to tip, cleaning the comb after each pass.
- Repeat combing every 2–3 days for at least three weeks to capture newly hatched nymphs.
Chemical agents complement mechanical removal. Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are applied to dry hair, left for the specified period, then rinsed. Prescription options include benzyl‑alkyl‑dimethyl‑propyl‑ammonium chloride (malathion) 0.5 % and ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, both administered according to medical guidance. Resistance patterns may necessitate a switch to alternative active ingredients after treatment failure.
Non‑chemical adjuncts provide supplemental control but lack universal validation. Dimethicone‑based lotions immobilize lice, facilitating removal. Essential‑oil preparations (e.g., tea‑tree or neem) may reduce infestation when used in conjunction with combing, though concentration and safety for children must be verified.
Environmental decontamination eliminates residual eggs and nymphs.
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and washable items in water ≥ 50 °C, followed by a high‑heat dryer cycle.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., hats, hair accessories) in airtight bags for two weeks, exceeding the longest lice life cycle.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle interiors; discard vacuum bags or clean canisters promptly.
- Clean hair‑brushes and combs by soaking in hot, soapy water for 10 minutes, then rinsing.
Follow‑up monitoring confirms eradication. Examine the hair and scalp at 7‑day intervals; absence of live lice and viable nits indicates successful treatment. Re‑treatment is warranted only if viable nits or live insects reappear.
Preventive measures include regular hair inspections, avoidance of sharing personal items, and education of household members about early detection signs. Consistent application of these protocols reduces recurrence risk and restores a lice‑free environment.