How are pillow mites harmful? - briefly
They release fecal particles and body fragments that become airborne, triggering sneezing, itching, and asthma attacks in sensitive individuals. Their bites may also cause localized skin irritation and dermatitis.
How are pillow mites harmful? - in detail
Pillow mites release proteins that trigger immune responses when inhaled or contacted with skin. These proteins, found in mite feces and body fragments, act as potent allergens. Exposure can lead to:
- Nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy eyes.
- Asthma attacks, characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath.
- Eczematous skin eruptions, especially on the face and neck.
- Chronic sinus inflammation, which may progress to sinusitis.
Vulnerable populations—children, the elderly, and individuals with pre‑existing respiratory conditions—experience more severe symptoms. Repeated exposure can sensitize the immune system, causing reactions to intensify over time.
Mite activity also contributes to secondary infections. Scratching caused by itchiness damages the skin barrier, allowing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus to colonize wounds. In rare cases, allergic reactions may evolve into anaphylaxis, requiring emergency treatment.
Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and allergy testing, which identifies specific mite antigens in the patient’s serum. Removing contaminated bedding, washing pillows at temperatures above 60 °C, and employing allergen‑impermeable covers reduce mite populations and limit allergen load.
Long‑term control involves maintaining indoor humidity below 50 % and vacuuming with HEPA‑filtered equipment. These measures decrease mite reproduction rates and lower the concentration of airborne allergens, mitigating health risks associated with pillow mites.