How and with what can lice be removed from a person? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide such as 1 % permethrin or dimethicone, then comb the hair thoroughly with a fine‑toothed nit comb to extract live lice and nits. Repeat the process after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched insects.
How and with what can lice be removed from a person? - in detail
Lice infestations are eliminated by a combination of mechanical removal, chemical agents, and environmental control.
Mechanical removal relies on fine-toothed combs designed to separate nits from hair shafts. The process includes:
- Wetting hair with a conditioner or specialized lice‑removing lotion to reduce slip.
- Running a metal or plastic nit comb from scalp to tip, section by section.
- Disposing of collected debris after each pass to prevent re‑attachment.
- Repeating the combing session every 2–3 days for at least two weeks, covering the entire head each time.
Chemical treatments use pediculicides that kill both adult insects and eggs. Common active ingredients are:
- Permethrin 1 % (synthetic pyrethroid) – applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
- Pyrethrins with piperonyl‑butoxide – applied to damp hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
- Dimethicone (silicone‑based) – coats lice, causing dehydration; applied for 8–10 hours before washing.
When resistance to traditional insecticides is suspected, alternative formulations may be employed:
- Spinosad 0.9 % – effective against resistant strains, applied for 10 minutes.
- Ivermectin lotion 0.5 % – applied for 10 minutes; not recommended for children under 15 kg.
Non‑chemical options include:
- High‑concentration silicone oil (e.g., 100 % dimethicone) – suffocates lice; requires overnight exposure.
- Essential‑oil blends (tea tree, neem, lavender) – limited evidence; used as adjuncts rather than primary treatment.
Environmental control prevents re‑infestation:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in airtight plastic bags for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
- Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories during treatment.
Follow‑up evaluation occurs 7–10 days after initial therapy. Examine the scalp for live lice or viable nits; if any are found, repeat the chosen method. Documentation of treatment dates, products used, and observed outcomes supports effective management and reduces recurrence risk.